Calendario de inmunizaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2024 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: 2024 recommendations

El Calendario de Inmunizaciones de la AEP para 2024, con sus recomendaciones de inmunización para embarazadas, niños y adolescentes residentes en España, hace el número 25 desde el primero presentado en 1995, siendo anual desde 2003, como calendario de vacunaciones, y desde 2023 como calendario de inmunizaciones por la inclusión de un anticuerpo monoclonal para la prevención de la enfermedad por VRS. Como novedades de este año, se encuentran las siguientes: • Tabla de inmunizaciones sistemáticas para personas sanas y otra para pertenecientes a grupos de riesgo. • Aunque ya anteriormente se hacían recomendaciones de vacunación en embarazadas, se han añadido a la tabla y se ha creado un apartado específico. • Se recomienda la vacunación frente al neumococo con una de las nuevas vacunas conjugadas de valencia ampliada, en sustitución de VNC13. • Se recomienda la sustitución de la vacuna frente al meningococo C a los 4 meses de edad por la vacuna MenACWY, quedando la pauta recomendada como 1+1+1 (4 meses, 12 meses y 12 años, manteniendo el rescate en adolescentes hasta los 18 años). • Se recomienda la vacuna intranasal frente a gripe como la preferente en mayores de 2 años. • Siguiendo las propuestas de OMS, ECDC y CISNS, la vacunación frente al SARS-CoV-2 pasa a ser recomendada solo para personas mayores de 6 meses con factores de riesgo, con preparados que contengan el linaje XBB.1. Las recomendaciones de vacunación contra la covid en pediatría se actualizarán periódicamente en la web del CAV-AEP.Se mantienen el resto de las recomendaciones del calendario anterior.(AU)

The AEP Immunization Calendar for 2024, with its immunization recommendations for pregnant women, children and adolescents residing in Spain, marks the 25th edition since the first one was introduced in 1995, being annual since 2003, as a vaccination calendar, and since 2023 as immunization schedule due to the inclusion of a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV disease. Novelties for this year include the following: • Tables of systematic immunizations for healthy people and those belonging to risk groups. • Although vaccination recommendations were previously made for pregnant women, they have been now included in the table and a specific section has been created. • Vaccination against pneumococcus is recommended with one of the new expanded valence conjugate vaccines, replacing PCV13. • It is recommended to replace the meningococcus C vaccine at 4 months of age with the MenACWY vaccine, thus leaving the recommended schedule as 1+1+1 (4 months, 12 months and 12 years, with a catch-up for adolescents up to 18 years). • The intranasal flu vaccine is recommended as the preferred vaccine for people over 2 years of age. • Following the proposals of the WHO, ECDC and CISNS, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is now recommended only for people over 6 months of age with risk factors, using vaccines containing the XBB.1 lineage. Vaccination recommendations against covid in pediatrics will be updated periodically on the CAV-AEP website.The rest of the recommendations from the previous calendar remain unchanged.(AU)

Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: 2024 recommendations.

The AEP Immunization Calendar for 2024, with its immunization recommendations for pregnant women, children and adolescents residing in Spain, marks the 25th edition since the first one was introduced in 1995, being annual since 2003, as a vaccination calendar, and since 2023 as immunization schedule due to the inclusion of a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV disease. Novelties for this year include the following: The rest of the recommendations from the previous calendar remain unchanged.

Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics for vaccination of immunosuppressed individuals.

The number of people with immunosuppression is increasing considerably due to their greater survival and the use of new immunosuppressive treatments for various chronic diseases. This is a heterogeneous group of patients in whom vaccination as a preventive measure is one of the basic pillars of their wellbeing, given their increased risk of contracting infections. This consensus, developed jointly by the Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases) and the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Asociación Española de Pediatría (Spanish Association of Paediatrics), provides guidelines for the development of a personalised vaccination schedule for patients in special situations, including general recommendations and specific recommendations for vaccination of bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients, children with inborn errors of immunity, oncologic patients, patients with chronic or systemic diseases and immunosuppressed travellers.

Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica y el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría para la vacunación en inmunodeprimidos / Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics for vaccination of immunosuppressed individuals

El número de personas con inmunodepresión está aumentando considerablemente debido a su mayor supervivencia y al empleo de nuevas terapias inmunosupresoras en diversas patologías crónicas. Se trata de un grupo heterogéneo de pacientes en los que la vacunación como arma preventiva supone uno de los pilares básicos de su bienestar, por su elevado riesgo a padecer infecciones. Este consenso, elaborado conjuntamente entre la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (SEIP) y el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP), aporta unas directrices para programar un calendario adaptado a cada paciente en situaciones especiales que incluye recomendaciones generales, vacunación en pacientes con trasplante de médula y trasplante de órgano sólido, vacunación en niños con errores innatos de la inmunidad, vacunación en el paciente oncológico, vacunación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas o sistémicas y vacunación en niños viajeros inmunodeprimidos.(AU)

The number of people with immunosuppression is increasing considerably due to their greater survival and the use of new immunosuppressive treatments for various chronic diseases. This is a heterogeneous group of patients in whom vaccination as a preventive measure is one of the basic pillars of their wellbeing, given their increased risk of contracting infections. This consensus, developed jointly by the Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases) and the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Asociación Española de Pediatría (Spanish Association of Paediatrics), provides guidelines for the development of a personalised vaccination schedule for patients in special situations, including general recommendations and specific recommendations for vaccination of bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients, children with inborn errors of immunity, oncologic patients, patients with chronic or systemic diseases and immunosuppressed travellers.(AU)

Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2023 Recommendations.

As it does every year, the CAV-AEP publishes the update of its recommendations for the use of vaccines in children, adolescents and pregnant women residing in Spain. The 2 + 1 schedule is maintained in infants (at 2, 4 and 11 months), including preterm infants, with the hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HB) and the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine. A booster dose with DTaP-IPV is needed at 6 years for those who received the 2 + 1 series with hexavalent vaccine as infants, in addition to 1 dose of dTap in adolescence. Routine vaccination of pregnant women with a dose of dTap is recommended in each pregnancy, preferably between weeks 27 and 32 of gestation, although can be given from 20 weeks if there is risk of preterm delivery. All infants should receive the rotavirus vaccine (2-3 doses) and the 4CMenB vaccine (2 + 1 series). All children aged 6-59 months should be vaccinated against influenza each year. The MenACWY vaccine should be given routinely at 12 months of age and in adolescence between ages 12 and 18 years. The recommendations for the MMR vaccine (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella vaccine (15 months and 3-4 years) also remain unchanged, using the MMRV vaccine for the second dose. Recommendations for the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the paediatric age group will be updated periodically on the CAV-AEP website. The HPV vaccine is indicated in all adolescents, regardless of sex, at age 12 years. Novelties include the recommendation of routine administration of nirsevimab to neonates and infants aged less than 6 months for passive immunization against RSV, and the recommendations regarding the hexavalent vaccine are consolidated in a single section.

Calendario de inmunizaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2023 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2023 Recommendations

Como cada año, el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) actualiza sus recomendaciones de inmunización en niños, adolescentes y embarazadas residentes en España.Se mantiene el esquema 2+1 en lactantes (dos, cuatro y 11 meses), incluyendo prematuros, para vacunas hexavalentes (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) y neumocócica conjugada 13-valente.A los seis años de edad, refuerzo con DTPa-VPI a los que recibieron la pauta 2+1 con hexavalentes siendo lactantes, y, en la adolescencia, Tdpa, una dosis. En gestantes, Tdpa en cada embarazo, preferentemente entre las semanas 27 y 32, aunque si hay riesgo de parto pretérmino se puede desde la semana 20 de gestación.Todos los lactantes deben recibir vacunas contra rotavirus (dos o tres dosis) y meningococo B (2+1).Todos los niños de entre seis y 59 meses deben ser vacunados anualmente contra la gripe, además de los grupos de riesgo desde los 6 meses.MenACWY debe administrarse a los 12 meses de edad y a los adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años que no la hayan recibido.Se mantienen las recomendaciones sobre SRP (12 meses y tres a cuatro años) y varicela (15 meses y tres a cuatro años), procurando en la segunda dosis el uso de la vacuna tetravírica (SRPV).Las recomendaciones para el uso de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 en la edad pediátrica se actualizarán periódicamente en la web del CAV-AEP.Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humanon (VPH) indicada para todos los adolescentes, independientemente del género, a los 12 años.Como novedades, se incluyen la recomendación de uso de nirsevimab sistemático en recién nacidos y lactantes menores de seis meses como inmunización pasiva contra el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS), y se aglutinan las hexavalentes en un solo apartado. (AU)

As it does every year, the CAV-AEP publishes the update of its recommendations for the use of vaccines in children, adolescents and pregnant women residing in Spain.The 2 + 1 schedule is maintained in infants (at 2, 4 and 11 months), including preterm infants, with the hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HB) and the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine.A booster dose with DTaP-IPV is needed at 6 years for those who received the 2 + 1 series with hexavalent vaccine as infants, in addition to 1 dose of dTap in adolescence. Routine vaccination of pregnant women with a dose of dTap is recommended in each pregnancy, preferably between weeks 27 and 32 of gestation, although can be given from 20 weeks if there is risk of preterm delivery.All infants should receive the rotavirus vaccine (2–3 doses) and the 4 CMenB vaccine (2 + 1 series).All children aged 6–59 months should be vaccinated against influenza each year, in addition to risk groups from 6 months.The MenACWY vaccine should be given routinely at 12 months of age and in adolescence between ages 12 and 18 years.The recommendations for the MMR vaccine (12 months and 3–4 years) and varicella vaccine (15 months and 3–4 years) also remain unchanged, using the MMRV vaccine for the second dose.Recommendations for the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the paediatric age group will be updated periodically on the CAV-AEP website.The HPV vaccine is indicated in all adolescents, regardless of sex, at age 12 years.Novelties include the recommendation of routine administration of nirsevimab to neonates and infants aged less than 6 months for passive immunization against RSV, and the recommendations regarding the hexavalent vaccine are consolidated in a single section. (AU)

Immunization schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2022 recommendations.

After reviewing the best available scientific information, CAV-AEP publishes their new recommendations to protect pregnant women, children and adolescents living in Spain through vaccination. The same recommendations as the previous year regarding hexavalent vaccines, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine of 13 serotypes, booster with tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis (Tdpa-IPV) at 6 years and with tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdpa) at 12-14 years and pregnant women from week 27 (from week 20 if there is a high risk of preterm delivery). Also with rotavirus, tetraantigenic meningococcal B (2+1), meningococcal quadrivalent (MenACWY), MMR, varicella and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, for both genders. As novelties this year the CAV-AEP recommends: Influenza vaccination from 6 to 59 months of age whenever feasible and does not harm the vaccination program aimed at people at higher risk. According to official national recommendations, the CAV-AEP recommends the systematic use of COVID mRNA vaccines since 5 years old.

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: Recomendaciones 2022 / Immunisation schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2022 recommendations

Tras la revisión de la mejor información científica disponible, el CAV-AEP publica las nuevas recomendaciones para proteger con vacunas a las embarazadas, los niños y los adolescentes residentes en España. Se mantienen las mismas recomendaciones que el año anterior en cuanto a las vacunas hexavalentes y a la vacuna neumocócica conjugada de 13 serotipos, al refuerzo con tétanos, difteria, tosferina y poliomielitis inactivada (Tdpa-VPI) a los seis años y con tétanos, difteria y tosferina (Tdpa) a los 12-14 años y a las embarazadas a partir de la semana 27 (desde la semana 20 si hay alto riesgo de parto pretérmino). Lo mismo sucede con las vacunas del rotavirus, del meningococo B tetraantigénica (2 + 1), de la vacuna meningocócica tetravalente (MenACWY), de la triple vírica, de la varicela y de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano (VPH), en ambos géneros.Como novedades este año el CAV-AEP recomienda: La vacunación antigripal de seis a 59 meses de edad siempre que sea factible y no perjudique al programa vacunal dirigido a las personas de mayor riesgo. En consonancia con las recomendaciones oficiales nacionales, el CAV-AEP recomienda el uso sistemático a partir de los 5 años de las vacunas para la COVID-19 de ARNm. (AU)

After reviewing the best available scientific information, CAV-AEP publishes their new recommendations to protect pregnant women, children and adolescents living in Spain through vaccination. The same recommendations as the previous year regarding hexavalent vaccines, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine of 13 serotypes, booster with tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis (Tdpa-IPV) at 6 years and with tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdpa) at 12–14 years and pregnant women from week 27 (from week 20 if there is a high risk of preterm delivery). Also with rotavirus, tetraantigenic meningococcal B (2+1), meningococcal quadrivalent (MenACWY), MMR, varicella and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, for both genders. As novelties this year the CAV-AEP recommends: Influenza vaccination from 6 to 59 months of age whenever feasible and does not harm the vaccination program aimed at people at higher risk. According to official national recommendations, the CAV-AEP recommends the systematic use of COVID mRNA vaccines since 5 years old. (AU)

[Immunisation schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2021 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2021.

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children and adolescent resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate.A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for triple viral (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, regardless of gender, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders.

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2021 / Immunisation schedule of the Pediatric Spanish Association: 2021 recommendations

El CAV-AEP publica anualmente el calendario de vacunaciones que estima idóneo para los niños y adolescentes residentes en España, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica disponible. Se mantiene el esquema 2 + 1 (2, 4 y 11 meses) con vacunas hexavalentes (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) y con antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Se aconseja un refuerzo a los 6 años, preferentemente con DTPa (si está disponible), junto a una dosis de polio para aquellos que recibieron esquemas 2 + 1, así como vacunación con Tdpa en adolescentes y en cada embarazo, preferentemente entre las 27 y 32 semanas. La vacuna del rotavirus debería ser sistemática para todos los lactantes. Se insiste en la incorporación en el calendario de la vacuna antimeningocócica B, con esquema 2 + 1 en lactantes. Además de la inclusión de la vacuna antimeningocócica conjugada tetravalente (MenACWY) a los 12 años con rescate hasta 18 años, inclusive, el CAV-AEP recomienda que esta vacuna sea introducida también a los 12 meses de edad, sustituyendo a MenC. Igualmente, se recomienda en los mayores de 6 semanas de edad con factores de riesgo o que viajen a países de elevada incidencia de estos serogrupos. Se emplearán esquemas de dos dosis para triple vírica (12 meses y 3-4 años) y varicela (15 meses y 3-4 años). La segunda dosis se podría aplicar como vacuna tetravírica. Se recomienda la vacunación sistemática universal frente al VPH, con independencia del género, preferentemente a los 12 años, insistiendo en un mayor esfuerzo para mejorar las coberturas. La de 9 genotipos amplía la cobertura para ambos sexos

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children and adolescent resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2 + 1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate.A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2 + 1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2 + 1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for triple viral (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, regardless of gender, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders

[Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2020 recommendations]. / Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2020.

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate. A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, both for girls and boys, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders.

Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría: recomendaciones 2020 / Immunisation schedule of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics: 2020 recommendations

El CAV-AEP publica anualmente el calendario de vacunaciones que estima idóneo para los niños residentes en España, teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica disponible. Se mantiene el esquema 2 + 1 (2, 4 y 11 meses) con vacunas hexavalentes (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) y con antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente. Se aconseja un refuerzo a los 6 años, preferentemente con DTPa (si está disponible), junto a una dosis de polio para aquellos que recibieron esquemas 2 + 1, así como vacunación con Tdpa en adolescentes y en cada embarazo, preferentemente entre las 27 y las 32 semanas. La vacuna del rotavirus debería ser sistemática para todos los lactantes. Se sigue proponiendo la incorporación en el calendario de la vacuna antimeningocócica B, con esquema 2 + 1 en lactantes. Además de la inclusión de la vacuna antimeningocócica conjugada tetravalente (MenACWY) a los 12 años con rescate hasta los 18 años, inclusive, el CAV recomienda que esta vacuna sea introducida también a los 12 meses de edad, sustituyendo a MenC. Igualmente, se recomienda en los mayores de 6 semanas de edad con factores de riesgo o que viajen a países de elevada incidencia de estos serogrupos. Se emplearán esquemas de 2 dosis para triple vírica (12 meses y 3-4 años) y varicela (15 meses y 3-4 años). La segunda dosis se podría aplicar como vacuna tetravírica. Se recomienda la vacunación sistemática universal frente al VPH, tanto a chicas como a chicos, preferentemente a los 12 años, debiendo realizar un mayor esfuerzo para mejorar las coberturas. La de 9 genotipos amplía la cobertura para ambos sexos

The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2 + 1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate. A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2 + 1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, both for girls and boys, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders

Hospitalizaciones infantiles asociadas a infección por virus de la gripe en 6 ciudades de España (2014-2016) / Child hospital admissions associated with influenza virus infection in 6 Spanish cities (2014-2016)

Introducción: La información existente sobre el impacto de la gripe en la población infantil española es escasa. El presente trabajo pretende aumentar este conocimiento estudiando aspectos clave como la incidencia de hospitalización, clínica, comorbilidades y el estado vacunal en los niños hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, por revisión de historias clínicas, en menores de 15 años hospitalizados por gripe adquirida en la comunidad, confirmada microbiológicamente, durante 2 temporadas gripales (2014-2015 y 2015-2016). El estudio se realizó en 10 hospitales de 6 ciudades, que atienden aproximadamente al 12% de la población infantil española. Resultados: Fueron hospitalizados 907 niños con diagnóstico principal de gripe (447 < 2 años), con una tasa media anual de incidencia de hospitalización de 0,51 casos/1.000 niños (IC del 95% 0,48-0,55). El 45% presentó enfermedades subyacentes consideradas factores de riesgo para gripe grave, y la mayor parte de ellos (74%) no habían sido vacunados. El porcentaje con enfermedades subyacentes aumentó con la edad, desde el 26% en menores de 6 meses al 74% en mayores de 10 años. El 10% de los casos (n = 92) precisaron cuidados intensivos pediátricos por fallo respiratorio agudo. Conclusión: La gripe es causa importante de hospitalización en la población infantil española. Los menores de 6 meses de edad y los niños con enfermedades subyacentes constituyen una parte mayoritaria (> 50%) de los casos. Una gran parte de las formas graves de gripe en población infantil podrían ser evitada si se cumplieran las indicaciones actuales de vacunación

Introduction: There are only a limited number of studies on the impact of influenza in the Spanish child population. The present work intends to increase this knowledge by studying some key aspects, such as the incidence of hospital admissions, clinic variables, comorbidities, and the vaccination status in the hospitalised children. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of children under 15 years and hospitalised due to community acquired influenza confirmed microbiologically, during 2́ flu seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). The study was carried out in 10 hospitals of 6cities, which represent approximately 12% of the Spanish child population. Results: A total of 907 children were admitted to hospital with main diagnosis of influenza infection (447 < 2 years), estimating an average annual rate of hospitalisation incidence of 0.51 cases / 1,000 children (95% CI; 0.48-0.55). Just under half (45%) of the cases had an underlying disease considered a risk factor for severe influenza, and most (74%) had not been vaccinated. The percentage of children with underlying diseases increased with age, from 26% in children < 6 months to 74% in children >10 years. Admission to the PICU was required in 10% (92) of the cases, mainly due to acute respiratory failure. Conclusion: Influenza continues to be an important cause of hospitalisation in the Spanish child population. Children < 6 months of age and children with underlying diseases make up the majority (> 50%) of the cases. Many of the severe forms of childhood influenza that occur today could be avoided if current vaccination guidelines were met

[Child hospital admissions associated with influenza virus infection in 6 Spanish cities (2014-2016)]. / Hospitalizaciones infantiles asociadas a infección por virus de la gripe en 6 ciudades de España (2014-2016).

INTRODUCTION: There are only a limited number of studies on the impact of influenza in the Spanish child population. The present work intends to increase this knowledge by studying some key aspects, such as the incidence of hospital admissions, clinic variables, comorbidities, and the vaccination status in the hospitalised children. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of children under 15 years and hospitalised due to community acquired influenza confirmed microbiologically, during 2́flu seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). The study was carried out in 10 hospitals of 6cities, which represent approximately 12% of the Spanish child population. RESULTS: A total of 907 children were admitted to hospital with main diagnosis of influenza infection (447 <2 years), estimating an average annual rate of hospitalisation incidence of 0.51 cases / 1,000 children (95% CI; 0.48-0.55). Just under half (45%) of the cases had an underlying disease considered a risk factor for severe influenza, and most (74%) had not been vaccinated. The percentage of children with underlying diseases increased with age, from 26% in children <6 months to 74% in children >10 years. Admission to the PICU was required in 10% (92) of the cases, mainly due to acute respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: Influenza continues to be an important cause of hospitalisation in the Spanish child population. Children <6 months of age and children with underlying diseases make up the majority (> 50%) of the cases. Many of the severe forms of childhood influenza that occur today could be avoided if current vaccination guidelines were met.